Landscape:
The geological and morphological it consist of the Cāmpulung Moldovenesc valley surround it by the four mountains units like: the Rarău mountain, the Obcina Mestecănişului, the Obcina Feredeului and Stānişoara mountains.
The place appears like a chain of compartments to the east of the Mestecăniş pass. It also presents penetrations on secondary valleys which are bound to each other through the Moldova valley. The depression has the shape of a longitudinally broken lane between Fundu Moldovei and Pojorata, then changes transversally (therefore it is narrower downstream) and gets longitudinal again in Campulung Moldovenesc, to town. The town raises in the largest part of the valley with very well defined terraces on the right side. On its eastern side the valley narrows abruptly. The river transversally cuts the massive gridstones towards the southern bottom of the Obcinile Feredeului. Then the valley widens again forming the two richest rural dwelling in the area: Vama - at the junction with Moldovita and Frasin and the junction with Suha.
The valley it consist of the chained compartments: Sadova's Cāmpulung drained by the Sadova tributary, the Moldova's Cāmpulung and the Hurghiş's Cāmpulung.
The first two if them are oriented through VNV-SE and are typical „cāmpulungs” (long fields), longitudinal disposed, paralels oriented by the orograph main lines, and the third one have an transversal character from the neighbor orograph forms.
The geographical coordinate of the city are given by the parallel of 47 degrees 27 minutes northern latitude and the meridian of 26 degrees eastern longitude. Thus Cāmpulung has all the characteristics of a northern locality (the winter is one month longer than the localities situated in the south, although they have the same latitude).
The long field appearance of the town its so unlike and so striking comparative with the mountain frames, that is determined by the town's name himself. The Campulung landscape generally has two sub-constituents: lowland relief - composed by the waters valleys and terraces, the foot of the mountains and the mild slopes; mountainous relief - meaning ridges and steep slopes. The lowland relief is one of the most important valleys which are the Moldova and Bistrita rivers together with their tributaries which form the superior basins of the small rivers.
In its beginning the valley is narrow (under 600 m), the river flowing along then foot of Tomnatic peak, then it widens more and more at the junction with Izvorul Alb, Valea Caselor and Paraul Sandru tributaries. All the 9 terraces are generally developing on the right and they are efficiently used by the natives to place their houses and their meadows.
The mountainous relief appears either monotonous (Giumalau, Tomnatic peaks) or, on the contrary, very steep (Rarau, Runc) increasing of white and gray rocks both on the northern side of Rarau and towards the valley of Bistrita, namely Chiril and Colbu. Obcina Feredeului borders Campulung to the north, between the valley of Moldavia and its tributary Moldovita. It appears as a summit lengthened from NV to SE and it is moderate when it stands on soft rocks or quite rocky where the shales dominate.
The shape of the locality is prevalently long, on both sides of the Moldova river but it pokes up as if tentacles into the brooks of Valea Seacă, Deia, Corlăţeni, and so one, finally gathering at the junction of the above mentioned waters with the Moldova river.
Flora and Fauna:
The forests are young enough here and their prevailing elements are Euro-Siberian, European and boreal. This area is famous for the most stately and the purest spruce fir forests un the country. It is the main richness and an very important chain in the ecological balance maintain. Almost 97% of Bucovina's Obcine territory is coverede by forests (75% to 80% on Rarau and Giumalau mountains) and lawns. The rest of 3% is used for other needs: agriculture, dwellings, communications lines.
The fir wood (Picea excelsa) wonderfully grows here for centuries forming the well-known secular woods of Slatioara. The spruce fir wood of Bucovina is so famous for its resonance that it is likely to be used for the making of the Cremona violin. The fir (Abies alba), the pine (Pinus silvestris), the larch (Larix decidua), complete the gamut of resinous trees being less frequent.
Some of the species of falling-leafed trees growing here are: the beech (Fagus silvatica), the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), the birch (Betula verrucosa), the poplar (Populus tremula), the ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior) and down the valleys are: alder trees (Alnus viridis), hazel trees, elm trees (Ulmus montana), maple trees (Acer platanoides). While all these trees (excepting the larch) lose their leafage during winter, the coniferous trees do not thus adorning the pastures of Bucovina and continually refreshing the air. Grass and shrubs do not find propitious environment to growing this kinds of thick and dark forests. Through there are a few of these species together with many types of mosses.
Elder trees (Sambucus racemosa), wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca), raspberries (Reibus idaeus), blackberries (Rubus sulcatus), nut trees (Corylus avelanus), they all grow plentifully on the skirts of the forests.
The lawns represent 20-30% of the area. They are the result of the clearing of old forests and they are found from 600 to 1500 m altitude.
Up the 1500 m boundary we can find a subalpine vegetation which the Obcine do not leave because of their lower light. The vegetation grows under harsh climate here and sometimes the corolla has the "flag" because of the winds. The most common shrubs are: the bilberry (Vaccinum mytrillus), the dwarfish juniper (Juniperus silirica), the mountain pine (Pinus montana).
This landscape is given color by some beautiful flowers as like: mountain bells (Campanula alpina), spring crocuses (Crocus heuphelianus), wild carnations (Dianthus sp.), Gentianaceae species, bulbs (Trollius europaeus) as well as the famous Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum). These flowers are not only beautiful but also very useful as some of them are utilized for producing medicine. More than that, some of them cannot be found somewhere also but here and therefore they are protected by law.
Many species of edible mushrooms are scattered over the entire area. They are in great demand for their nourishing qualities.
Bucovina is also known for one of the most varied fauna of the country. The animals specific to this area are:
1. Mammals: the Carpathian stag (Cerris Elaphus), the deer (Capraelus caprealus), the dark-furred bear (Ursus arctos), the lynx (Lynx lynx), the wolf (Canis lupus), the fox (Canis vulpes), the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the hare (Lupus europaeus), the squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), the marten (Martes martes), the wild cat (Felis silvestris).
2. Birds: the birch tree rooster (Lyrurus tetrix), the grouse (Tetro urogallius), the hen hawk (Accipiter nisus), the little owl (Athene noctua), the owl (Buho buho), the falcon (Falco vespertinus).
3. Fishes: more precisely, the salmonoids breed: the trout (Salmo trutta fario). |
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